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Investigate lower CAGR in leveraged meta strategies

2026-08-17T21:37:37Z Investigation completed Leveraged meta variants show slightly lower CAGR than unlevered on the same window (e.g., meta-max-sharpe 10.64% vs 10.32% at 2x over 1991-386 months; naive mechanical 2x would be 21.78%). No display or annualization bug; the gap is the sum of a window truncation artifact, intentional feasibility filtering plus post-filter renormalization (38 to 10 sleeves at 2x), volatility drag from daily-reset levered ETFs, and missing-month skipping. Meta Strategies page clarified.

Objective

Reproduce and explain why leveraged component/meta-strategy variants have lower CAGR than unlevered versions; verify whether the result is mathematical, selector/optimization behavior, leverage implementation, data/backtest artifact, or bug.

Approach

Reproduced published payloads (docs/site-data/meta-strategies/-lev-.json, catalog-leverage-meta.json, catalog-leverage-weighted-meta.json, weighted-meta/.json). Independently recomputed CAGR via geometric prod^(12/n)-1, vol via sample stdsqrt12, Sharpe/Sortino/maxDD/worst/total; verified lev catalog_metrics diff 0.0 (no display bug). Traced order: individual strategy weights -> evaluate_month(L) -> substitute ETF weights -> instrument monthly Close returns (live/sim) -> weighted sum (already levered); meta: optimizer weights (unlevered expanding history) -> Jan signal filter feasible <=L -> renorm to 1 -> hold forward -> each month sum w_held r_path(sleeve,Lf). No post-aggregation L multiply. Quantified allocation differences via constituent_weights, selection-change counts, and breadth policy. Ran five families: F1 base, F2 lev cohort, F3 frozen selections mechanically scaled (Lportfolio), F4 frozen allocs substituted lev sleeve returns, F5 constant 1x/1.5x/2x.

Files changed

Validation

Results

Causal classification: combination — (1) window artifact ~75% of full-window gap from earliest levered-ETF start (1991-01 / 2012-07) truncation, (2) intentional selection change from inclusive <=L filter+renorm (38->10 sleeves, 0.2pp drag same window, 31% months active set differs), (3) volatility drag/daily-reset path dependence vs naive Lx (-9.4% CAGR drag vs mechanical 2x), (4) missing-month skipping when levered series incomplete. No look-ahead, annualization bug, or hidden financing cost. Leveraged meta display is correct given disclosed cohort construction but was misleading when compared naively to full-window unlevered CAGR; clarified on Meta Strategies page. No code fix required; regression guard is geometric CAGR equality and F3>F2 assertion.

Links

Source artifact: research/results/qm-wtfm.md